The purpose of the present research is to study tidal flows in Merimus estuary. Having direct access to the Persian Gulf from north and south, this estuary has a very special potential. In this paper, field data of water level, suspended sediment concentration, velocity and direction of flow, and the physical characteristics of temperature, salinity and density of the Merimus estuary in two complete tidal cycles (Spring tide and neap tide) have been studied in two stations. At the first station, water level changes in Spring tide and neap tide were equal to 5.9 and 5.7 m, respectively. At the second station, these changes were equal to 4.3 and 4.4 meters for Spring tide and neap tide, respectively. At the first station, maximum flow rate in Spring tide and neap tide was equal to 0.42 and 0.26 meters per second, respectively. At the second station, this rate was equal to 0.64 and 0.64 meters per second for Spring tide and neap tide, respectively. There were many changes in density and salinity level in channel and maximum measured density and salinity were equal to 1034.34 kg/m3 and 49.75 PSU, respectively. Average sediment transport at different depths in Spring tide and neap tide were equal to 67 and 153 mg/l, respectively.

This research paper is to study Merimus estuary. With a direct access to Persian Gulf from north and south, this estuary has a very special potential. In this paper, field data of water level, suspended sediment concentration, velocity and direction of flow, and the physical characteristics of temperature, salinity and density of the estuary in two complete tidal cycles (Spring tide and neap tide) have been studied. At the first station, water level changes in Spring tide and neap tide were equal to 5.9 and 5.7 m, respectively. At the second station, these changes were equal to 4.3 and 4.4 meters for Spring tide and neap tide, respectively. At the first station, maximum flow rate in Spring tide and neap tide was equal to 0.42 and 0.26 meters per second, respectively. At the second station, this rate was equal to 0.64 and 0.64 meters per second for Spring tide and neap tide, respectively. There were many changes in density and salinity level and maximum measured density and salinity were equal to 1034.34 kg/m3 and 49.75 PSU, respectively. Average sediment transport at different depths in Spring tide and neap tide were equal to 67 and 153 mg/l, respectively.

The coastline, as a border where the water flow is relatively impermeable, can change the flow pattern and therefore, the study of its hydrodynamic role is undeniable. in coastal engineering studies and even wet ecosystems even it is simple. In this study, using three-dimensional simulations in the numerical model environment of MIKE 3, the Danish Hydrodynamic Institute, two types of three dimensional simulations have been proposed using Navier Stokes equations to investigate the role of the coastline in rectangular and curved basins. In both simulations, it is assumed that the characteristics of Qeshm's tidal channel are scientifically established. This study clearly shows that the uniform velocity pattern in a rectangular basin changes with the curvature of coastline on the curved basin. The tightness in the curvature of the basin causes an increase in speed (about 0. 05 m/s) in accordance with the principle of mass conservation. The opening after the turn of the basin causes a decrease of 0. 1 m/s (0. 4 m/s in the rectangular basin to 0. 3 m/s in a curved basin, equivalent to 25% speed). Another point to consider is the role of water level changes. There is not much difference in the speed pattern between Higher High Water (HHW) and Lower Low Water (LLW) in neap tide, but in the case of Spring tide where the water level is higher, the difference is 0. 1 m/s in the rectangular basin and 0. 2 m/s in the curved shape basin.

The use of renewable energy instead of oil and gas reservoirs in the Persian Gulf can be a good platform for renewable energy farms. This study investigates the energy generated by the tidal flow velocity in the Qeshm channel, using a threedimensional hydrodynamic model, MIKE3, Flow Model FM. By installing a hypothetical tidal turbine from Voith Company, with a diameter of 1 m at seven different stations of the model (respectively from east to west of the channel), the tidal energy from the horizontal flow of the area is calculated. In the mentioned simulation, wind stress and thermohaline flow are ignored so that the dominant current is the current caused by the change of water level due to the tide. The flow velocity pattern in Spring and neap tides at Higher High Water (HHW) was then analyzed at the seven stations. The energies of the simulated currents showed that the east side of the channel had more energy potential on the days of Spring tides, so that at IP1 station, in the first Spring tide, 175 watts of electricity is generated, which in the second Spring tides decreases by 28. 5%. On the other hand, the west side of the channel had the potential to generate electricity in neap tides. Station IP6 had the potential to generate electricity in both the Spring and neap tides, which had more neap tides potential than the Spring tides. The difference in power generated in the first and second neap tides at IP6 was only 0. 7%, which is less than 30. 2 W compared to the first and second Spring tides. Therefore, it can be said that according to the shape of the region, the second bend of Qeshm channel was a more suitable place for energy extraction with the assumed tidal turbine in the region.

Numerical modeling is the most common approach for predicting harbor channel siltation. It requires a comprehensive calibration process because there are several calibration parameters. The most crucial criterion for model calibration is suspended sediment concentration (SSC). The agreement between the measured and simulated SSC time series is usually verified based on generic statistical parameters such as RMSE and R2. This method does not address the important phenomena related to channel siltation; for instance, the siltation rate during neap and Spring tidal cycles cannot be distinguished in such manner. A process-based calibration procedure has been proposed in this paper which considers some criteria facilitating the calibration processes. Based on analyzing the measured turbidity and current speed data, some criteria were established which convey underlying phenomena affecting sediment transport. They are: (1) the difference between maximum SSC (or turbidity) at neap and Spring and (2) at ebb and flood tide, (3) the minimum turbidity at slack water during Spring tide, and (4) the current speed-SSC (or turbidity) regression curve. The proposed procedure has been used to calibrate channel siltation in a real case study: Shahid Rajaee port access channel located in the Khoran strait, Iran. As the underlying phenomena affecting sediment transport was considered, the number of simulation runs for calibration processes were considerably decreased.

The goal of this study was to simulate the hydrodynamics induced by con-current wind and tide loading in the southern part of the Persian Gulf. The model was calibrated with a 28 day lunar cycle, in which both neap and Spring tide were modeled. The model boundaries were forced using tidal water levels obtained from the United Hydrographic tide Tables. Wind data extracted from PERGOS database was used as input to the model. Current data recorded at Ghasha buoy, as well as current and water level data from PERGOS database were used for calibration of the model. The error in water level prediction is typically less than 25% of tidal range. Currents were also predicted with accuracy of 0.1 m/s (95% of time). Model results are insensitive to variations of calibration parameters over the recommended range, which demonstrates that the model is robust and can be used with confidence.

Tidal asymmetry in the south-east of the Kish Island (Persian Gulf) is investigated in this study using water-level and velocity profile (3 layers) data recorded by an ADCP for a period of 35 days at a station with the depth of 12m. In the whole water column, the dominant current is forced by tide which periodically alters velocities in east (in high tide) and west (during low tide) directions. The weak residual current diverts current field as partially southward especially in two deep layers. Due to atmospheric forces, residual current partially disperse observed current from east-west direction in the upper layer. tide is mixed mainly semidiurnal at the study area and principal triad tides K1-O1-M2 produce 13. 66-day periodic asymmetries including an ebb-dominance and a flood-dominance during Spring and neap tides respectively. Although, the contribution of the ebb-dominance asymmetry induced by this triad is dominant in all 35 days. During the whole period, shallow water components induce a flood-dominance asymmetry condition.

This study represented results of the in-situ measurements of flow in the Karun River for a period of one-month length in the Spring season. The measurements were carried out in a station with average depth of 5 m, located approximately 120km distance from the northern head of the Persian Gulf. It was aimed to improve our understanding of flow hydrodynamics in the Karun River. Spectral analysis of current showed a high energy in tidal frequencies which represent the tidal influence on this station. Unexpected, results from the field work show that the the maximum measured flow was 70.6 cm/s in seaward direction, coincidence with neap tide. It was due to the high level of river discharge. In this period, the most important reasons for the change flow direction were identified to be tide and river discharge fluctuation .Also, it is worth to mention that Harmonic Analysis of water level varations introduces M2, K1and O1 as the main tidal constituents with dominant of semi-diurnal tide at the location of observation.

The research objective was to identify and map the tidal zones that play a decisive role in integrated coastal zone management. Methodology designed based on the expert interpretation of the spatial boarders of the High Astronomical tide (HAT), the Spring and neap tides on the Sentinel-2A satellite images of 2018 with a spatial resolution of 10 meters to determine the risk of long-term flooding, supratidal and subtidal zones, respectively. In the coastal region of Bushehr province, an area of 81,000 hectares is subject to long-term flooding, 15,000 hectares are subject to monthly flooding, and 53.5 thousand hectares are subject to daily flooding. The results showed that up to 62% of the coasts of Bushehr province are tide-dominated coasts. Implementation of sustainable land use in the coastal region of Bushehr province is not possible without considering this risk. However, these lands are suitable for developing aquaculture, salinity, and mangrove forestry.